Carbon is the main element present in soil organic matter. The carbon present in soil organic matter is referred to as organic carbon. Biochar is a stable, carbon-rich form of charcoal that can be added to soil to sequester carbon and reduce net greenhouse gas emissions. It is produced by pyrolysis, a process that biomass (wood or crop straws) goes through high temperatures around 400-450°C with little or no oxygen.

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The key benefits of using biochar include improving soil fertility; increasing crop yields, better water and nutrients retention, reducing soil acidity, absorbing soil pollutants, increasing plant disease resistance, catching and storing carbon.

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Rock minerals are a natural, mineral fertilizer made from specific rock types that contain trace elements essential to healthy plant growth, such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese, etc.

Trace elements such as silicon and calcium build strong cell-walls that helps guard against disease, drought and frost. They also increase the availability of other nutrients in the soil which help to make the most of other fertilizers. Rock minerals break down slowly with the help of soil microbes and fungi, which means they won't leach out of the soil.